Wang

Old Wang is a well-known master at nourishing purple clay pots in the Suzhou pot circle. The pots that have passed through his hands are all dark and elegant, ancient and simple, as warm and smooth as jade, extremely graceful. Many people have asked Old Wang for advice on how to nourish their pots so well. Old Wang mentioned the importance of frequent washing and use, but the crowd requested more detailed methods. Old Wang sighed deeply; everyone now only saw how well he could nourish his pots, but they didn't know how many beloved pots he had ruined in the process, and in various ways... Over-nourished to Death When Old Wang first started playing with purple clay pots, he heard that pouring tea over the pot daily could make the purple clay pot absorb the tea faster and form a patina. So he poured tea over the pot every day. After pouring tea over the pot, he didn’t wipe it off. His pot-nourishing cloth was used as a tablecloth. After a few months, he found that his pot had uneven dark patches. It had been over-nourished to death. Old Wang beat his chest and stomped his feet. His first…

Wenshan Baozhong tea is a type of Oolong (or Qing) tea from the Taiwan region and is one of the most lightly oxidized fragrant Oolong teas, with an oxidation level of 8% to 12%. Due to its light baking and fermentation process, it exhibits a fresh and uplifting aroma, hence it's also known as "Qing Cha" or "Clear Tea." This tea is produced in the northern areas of Taipei City and New Taipei City, including Wenshan and Nangang in Taipei City, and Xindian, Pinglin, Shenkeng, Shiding, Pingxi, and Xizhi in New Taipei City. It has a history spanning over two hundred years. As a representative of northern Taiwan Oolong tea, Wenshan Baozhong is renowned alongside Dongding Oolong, enjoying the reputation of "North Wenshan, South Dongding." In 1869, Oolong tea from Taiwan was successfully exported to the United States by British merchant Tod and comprador Li Chunsheng. However, in 1873, due to poor sales, merchants sent unsold stocks of Oolong tea to Fuzhou where they were processed into fragrant Baozhong tea by adding floral scents, which unexpectedly received a positive response. In 1881, Fujianese tea merchant Wu Fuyuan (also known as Wu Fulao) crossed the sea to Taiwan and established the…

"Heroic Mountain Tongbai, Ecological Huaiyuan Tea." Located at the source of the thousand-mile-long Huai River, Tongbai County boasts beautiful mountains and clear waters, providing an excellent ecological environment for the tea industry. In recent years, Tongbai County has leveraged its local advantages and embraced technological advancements to transform the entire tea industry chain, from tea garden management to tea picking and processing, accelerating the development of the tea industry. Tri-Level Coordination Transforms Tea Leaves into "Golden Leaves" "Every year, provincial, municipal, and county-level technology extension workers bring their expertise to rural areas, establishing partnerships with companies and offering valuable advice on tea garden management and tea processing techniques. In 2019, some of our tea plants were not growing well, and when we were at a loss, provincial technology extension workers came to our rescue like a 'timely rain.' They conducted soil tests and guided us in improving the soil using rape seed cake, among other methods. As a result, the yield of these tea plants increased by about 30%, and the quality of the tea leaves significantly improved," said Wang Yeqing, manager of Tonghuai Tea Industry Co., Ltd. After years of development, Tongbai County now boasts 167,000 mu (approximately 11,133…

Accompanied by the morning mist, Wang Wanguo and his fellow villagers weed and pick tea in the tea garden, with the verdant and towering Wuzhishan not far away, its main peak appearing and disappearing in the clouds and fog. The ecologically friendly organic tea garden in Wuzhishan's Shuiman Township. Photo by Niu Liangyu, People's Daily Online High mountains and cloud-covered mist produce fine tea. The Wuzhishan large-leaf tea hidden in Hainan's tropical rainforest has long been a local calling card and a vivid testament to Wuzhishan's practice of "industrialization of ecology" and "ecologization of industry." Focusing on ecology to grow good tea, how is the quality of this "ecological tea" from Wuzhishan? Recently, reporters went "into the mountains" to investigate. Core Competitiveness Lies in Ecology Following the winding mountain road, the reporters arrived at the Wu Zhai Organic Ecological Tea Garden in Wuzhishan's Shuiman Township. What caught the eye were tea plants, ground cover film on the soil, and insect traps between the tea plants. Tea farmers picking tea in an organic tea garden in Wuzhishan. Photo by Niu Liangyu, People's Daily Online "We are going 'organic.'" Wang Wanguo is a resident of Fanghao Village, Shuiman Township, Wuzhishan City, Hainan…

Beloved Yixing clay teapots have come a long way since their origin at the ancient Yangjiao Mountain kiln site in the Northern Song Dynasty, through storms and sunshine, solitude and bustle, never falling out of favor. I. Dragon Fish Pot A classic traditional pot shape, first created by renowned Yixing pot maker Shao Daheng during the Daoguang and Xianfeng eras of the Qing Dynasty. On one side, a fierce dragon head emerges from waves, its mouth spitting out a luminous pearl. On the other side is an image of a carp leaping out of the waves. The lid is shaped like waves rising, with a three-dimensional carved dragon head protruding from the crest, serving as the lid knob. The dragon head can extend and retract; when pouring tea, the dragon head extends, and a dragon tongue extends from inside. When the tea is poured out and the pot is leveled, the dragon head retracts, and the dragon tongue also disappears back into the dragon's mouth, a very ingenious design. II. Shishi (Stone Spout) A traditional classic style made by many famous potters over the generations, each with their own unique style. It includes variants such as Ziyi Shishi, Jingzhou Shishi,…

Photography by Donghua Huang China Tea Capital - Anxi Upon entering the China Tea Capital in Anxi, one is greeted by rows of tea shops, the air filled with the aroma of tea, and a dazzling array of teas including Tieguanyin, Dahongpao, Pu'er, Longjing, white tea, dark tea, and more—making it a true "Capital of a Hundred Teas Trade." Anxi, the birthplace of Chinese Oolong tea and the origin of the world-famous Tieguanyin, has leveraged its strengths to develop its tea industry, setting national records for tea plantation area, tea production, and per capita tea income, shedding its title as the "largest state-designated impoverished county." Photography by Guoping Chen However, this major tea-producing county once lacked a large-scale trading market, preventing farmers from directly connecting with domestic and overseas buyers, making it difficult to sell their tea. Photography by Donghua Huang In 2000, with the assistance of the provincial government, Anxi County raised 120 million RMB through auctions and leases, primarily from domestic and overseas sources, to build the China Tea Capital – Anxi National Tea Wholesale Market. After the market was established, transactions became active, and farmers' incomes increased. Photography by Ying Lin On the evening of October 15,…

Basic Introduction to Aunt Wang Er's TeaAunt Wang Er's Tea is a health tea developed by the Taoist physician Ouyang Jiangnan, relying on the unique geographical advantages of Huangcangyu in Xiao County, Anhui Province. It has recently won three prestigious awards: "China Good Brand Award," "UN 2015 Designated Ingredient Award," and "Chinese National Gift." Nutritional ValueStudies have shown that Aunt Wang Er's Tea contains a diterpenoid active ingredient and abundant selenium elements. It has strong anti-inflammatory and detoxifying effects, as well as the ability to lower blood pressure, reduce cholesterol, and neutralize the toxins from smoking and alcohol. Its anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects are ten times stronger than penicillin. Externally, it can fight inflammation, kill bacteria, reduce swelling and pain, dry dampness, remove necrotic tissue, and combat infections. Historical FolkloreAccording to folklore in Xiao County: When Liu Bang led his group of comrades to revolt against the white snake at Mangshan Mountain, they were pursued relentlessly by Qin troops. They ran for their lives and ended up in a deep mountain (then known as Mangshan) southeast of Xiao County, precisely south of Xuzhou. There happened to be a cave on the mountain that could just fit all fifteen of them.…

In recent years, the Gaoshan Villager Group under the Yiwu Village Committee of Yiwu Town has been committed to revitalizing rural areas through party building leadership, relying on its well-preserved ancient tea gardens and rich Yi ethnic customs to develop rural tourism, which has become a new highlight for sustained income growth and development among local villagers. Under clear blue skies and with the warm spring air, since mid-March, the first batches of spring tea have been harvested. Walking into the ancient tea garden of the Gaoshan Villager Group in Yiwu Town, Mengla County, one can hear the sweet Yi songs of the tea pickers echoing through the mountains. Early in the morning, the tea farmers carry their tea bags into the garden, skillfully filling them with fresh young leaves, their faces beaming with the joy of harvest. Yang Fachang, a tea farmer from the Gaoshan Villager Group, said, "My family has over twenty mu of ancient tea trees. We are picking spring tea these days. In recent years, the price of tea has been getting better and better, and our lives are improving year by year." It is understood that the Gaoshan Villager Group is at an altitude of…

In the autumn and winter seasons, savoring a cup of black tea not only warms the body but also invigorates the mind. However, do you know where the birthplace of Sichuan black tea is? Let's step into the Chinese Sichuan Black Tea Museum in Junlian County, Yibin City, to look back at history. This place has witnessed the birth and development of Sichuan black tea—In 1951, the China Tea Corporation set up a black tea technology promotion station in Junlian, and Sichuan black tea was officially born that year. In 1959, the "Golden Yellow Dew Bud Tea" carefully crafted by the Junlian Red Star Tea Factory was sent to Beijing as a gift for the tenth anniversary of National Day. In 1985, Sichuan black tea won the gold award at the 24th World Food Fair. Today, Sichuan black tea is continuously expanding its domestic and overseas markets, gaining more recognition. Moving beyond history and towards the future, a cup of Sichuan black tea is not just a cup of black tea; it is also a focal point for Yibin City and Junlian County's efforts to explore new paths for the synchronized development of urban and rural areas based on local…

To further standardize the market and promote a green, eco-friendly transformation of the tea industry, enhancing tea quality and fostering high-quality development in the sector, on July 9, 2024, the kick-off meeting and first working seminar for the national standard "Technical Specifications for the Construction and Management of Eco-Friendly Tea Gardens," led by our university, was held at the Wuyi Mountain Rock Tea Science Village (referred to as the village) in Wuyi Star Tea Co., Ltd. (referred to as Wuyi Star). Attendees included Professor Sun Weijiang, the chief expert of the village from the College of Horticulture at Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU); Associate Professors Xue Zhihui and Chen Zhidan, experts resident at the village from Anxi Tea College (Digital Economy College) at FAFU; Wang Tao, the director of the village; Deputy Directors Chen Qinglan and Zhuo Kaibin; representatives from Wuyi Star; as well as leaders and experts from the Chinese National Cooperative General Federation's Hangzhou Tea Research Institute, South China Agricultural University, Fujian Provincial Plant Cultivation Technology Extension Station, Nanping City Agricultural and Rural Bureau, Fujian Province's Wanshi Liuxiang Agricultural Development Co., Ltd., Ze Wu (Wuyi Mountain) Eco-Tea Co., Ltd., and Fujian Province's Danpao Tea Co., Ltd. Image…

"Handmade" Purple Clay teapots can perhaps be understood as follows: apart from very low-quality "slipcast pots" (a method similar to metal casting), all Purple Clay teapots are handmade. It's more appropriate to say that the body of the teapot, lid, and knob are all handmade rather than simply stating "fully handmade teapot." The term "handmade teapot" now is either a popular catchphrase or one used by sellers to intentionally blur the lines for sales purposes. When delved into, "handmade teapot" generally refers to a Purple Clay teapot made without the use of molds. As Purple Clay teapots receive increasing attention across society, new concepts have emerged in the Purple Clay world. The classification and naming of clay materials already make people feel lost, and in recent years, the concept of "handmade teapots" has appeared. In the market, it is common to see descriptions such as "handcrafted" or "purely handcrafted" being used to justify the price of teapots. Such statements are so bold that even the old artisans who traditionally used molds to make Purple Clay teapots would feel ashamed. How should we understand "handmade teapots"? By its name, fully handmade means entirely crafted by hand. So, is a teapot made…

Currently, it is the perfect season for summer and autumn tea picking. The Qinxin Tea Garden in Minzhu Town, Panzhou City, is a lush green landscape that is pleasing to the eye. As gentle breezes pass by, the refreshing aroma of tea fills the air. Farmers are seen moving in groups among the tea bushes, picking the tea leaves swiftly. Wang Shuangguo, head of the Panzhou Qinxin Ecological Tea Plantation Farmer’s Professional Cooperative, stated that the company will rely on its naturally misty scenery and its thousand-acre contiguous tea plantation to build an integrated tea tourism base with the concept of “a garden in a secluded place, fragrant with tea.” The Qinxin Tea Garden, located at an altitude of over 2,000 meters and often shrouded in fog, was once unproductive for crops due to the challenging environment. However, such conditions are ideal for tea trees, and the tea produced here has an extraction rate of 43%, showcasing excellent quality. The development of the tea industry has addressed employment issues for some local residents. "Today, more than 30 people are weeding, and during peak times, nearly 600 people work here each day," Wang Shuangguo explained. To ensure the quality of the…

Pu'er tea has a shelf life of 10 to 20 years. Made from unique large-leaf varieties, Pu'er tea is categorized into raw and ripe types based on its processing method. Its thick and robust leaves are rich in flavor and have the potential for aging, hence there isn't a fixed expiration date. It is generally believed that Pu'er tea can be stored for 15 to 20 years. According to the national standard GBT22111-2008, under proper storage conditions, Pu'er tea can be preserved for an extended period. How does the national standard define the shelf life of Pu'er tea?From the definition of Pu'er tea itself: Pu'er tea is made from sun-dried tea leaves produced in specific regions of Yunnan, which undergo post-fermentation and can be processed as loose or compressed tea. Therefore, the national standard provides a guideline for the shelf life, stating that under the conditions specified in GBT22111-2008, Pu'er tea can be stored long-term. However, long-term storage ≠ permanent storageIn 1963, during the disposal of Qing dynasty tribute teas at the Forbidden City in Beijing, over two tons of aged teas were discovered, including some Pu'er teas. In Wang Yufeng's article "Pu'er Tea and the Qing Dynasty," he mentioned:…

What are the differences between Purple Bud Tea and Purple Juanshan Tea? Many people may find it hard to distinguish. Today, let's talk about their differences. Purple Bud Tea encompasses all tea trees and tea products with purple buds and leaves. Such tea trees are rarely seen in China. However, in Yunnan, Purple Bud Tea is a type of Pu'er tea where usually the buds and first three leaves are purple. The Purple Bud Tea in Yunnan is not a specific variety or a particular processing method but rather the result of natural genetic mutation under natural selection. They often grow on primitive wild old tea trees and ancient tea trees. Due to the dry climate and strong sunlight, the tea trees have undergone natural mutations, causing the buds to exhibit varying shades of purple. In a vast tea forest, there aren't many tea trees with purple buds. Even on ancient tea trees, the number of purple buds is scarce. Purple Bud Tea is mainly distributed in high-altitude areas of Xishuangbanna, Lincang, and Pu'er, with relatively more in the Lincang region. After brewing, the liquor color of Purple Bud Tea is similar to other Pu'er teas, yellow and bright. Its…

Image Source: Chongqing Local Chronicles Office Nanchuan District is located in southern Chongqing, serving as a link between the main urban area of Chongqing and the towns in southeastern Yunnan and northern Guizhou. Within its borders lies Mount Jinfeng, covering an area of 13,000 square kilometers, recognized as a World Natural Heritage Site. It is known as “the Southern Buddhist Paradise,” “the First Mountain in Bashu,” “the Earth’s Biological Gene Bank,” and “the Chinese Herbal Repository.” The giant tea trees are scattered throughout the majestic and picturesque landscapes of Mount Jinfeng. Capitalizing on its superior geographical conditions and ecological environment, Nanchuan District has accelerated the development of modern mountainous characteristic and efficient agriculture in recent years. It has promoted agricultural products such as Chinese medicinal herbs, ancient tea trees, bamboo shoots, Nanchuan rice, and blueberries, collectively known as the "3+2" specialty agricultural products, with a total output value reaching 4 billion yuan. The district has been rated as a national model tea standardization demonstration zone and selected as one of the first districts to create a national agricultural modernization demonstration zone. No. 1 Giant Tea Tree The summer field investigation team from the Tea Dao Philosophy Research Institute of Renmin…

The spirit of the Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee, convened at a critical period for advancing the modernization of China and the rejuvenation of the nation, is of utmost importance. The spirit of the session has elicited an enthusiastic response at the county tea industry development center. Officials from the center have expressed their commitment to thoroughly study and understand the spirit of the plenum, ensuring its implementation in all aspects of their work. Fuliang County Tea Industry Development Center, General Affairs Department Wang Kai The successful convening of the Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee has charted a clear course for the country's development, generating a strong response throughout society. The strategic deployment of further comprehensive reforms by the plenum covers numerous areas including the economy, society, and people's livelihood, outlining a grand blueprint for future development. These measures will undoubtedly inject powerful momentum into Chinese-style modernization and provide solid institutional guarantees. As a key sector, the tea industry plays a significant role in Fuliang County. As a member of the tea industry development center, I feel a great sense of responsibility. In my future work, I will adhere to the guidance…

Shi Dabin (1573–1648), also known as Shi Dabing, with the style name Shaoshan, was from Wuyuan, Huizhou. After finishing his private school education at the age of 13, Shi Dabin began making Yixing clay teapots. At that time, Gong Chun, a renowned master of Yixing ware, was already an octogenarian. In a certain year, month, and day, Gong Chun met Shi Dabin, recognizing his potential and took him under his wing to mentor him personally, eventually becoming his last disciple. After several years of apprenticeship, Shi Dabin inherited and mastered Gong Chun’s method of pot-making by hand modeling. He conducted extensive research on clay mixture preparation, forming techniques, design, and engraving for Yixing ware. He developed his own method of making pots using the "body-building" technique of patting and shaping. He not only expanded the variety and ornamental forms of Yixing clay teapots but also established a highly sophisticated technical system still used by the Yixing industry today, involving clay slabs and inlaying. He carefully selected various shades of Yixing clay to create a style that is ancient and majestic. Shi Dabin was extremely serious about his work; whenever he was unsatisfied with a piece, he would destroy it without…

The techniques for making Puer tea and tribute tea, as shining gems in the list of China's traditional tea-making intangible cultural heritage, not only carry profound historical tea culture but are also a vital force driving local economic and cultural development.The Yunnan province's Ning'er county, known for its intangible cultural heritage, has been dedicated to the inheritance, protection, and innovation of these techniques. Through systematic work and meticulous efforts, it actively promotes the diversity and exchange of tea culture, infusing new vitality into the sustainable development of the tea industry. It is currently the season of tea harvest, and in Ning'er's vast tea gardens, tea farmers move through the emerald green tea bushes, skillfully gathering the tender leaves filled with the essence of spring into their baskets. In the organic tea garden of Wulushan in Puyi Township, Ning'er County, the spring breeze blows gently, bringing vibrant life. Zhou Ming, the production workshop director of the tea factory, leads the tea farmers in their busy work. They strictly adhere to standards while picking spring tea, with each leaf carrying their respect for and commitment to traditional techniques. Under the harmonious cooperation between Zhou Ming and his technical partners, the tea-making processes…

Driving for a little over an hour from Quanzhou, Fujian, you arrive at Xiping Town, Anxi County—the birthplace of Tieguanyin. Xiping was once known as Qipeng, named after the mythical great roc said to have rested here. After passing through the town, we entered the winding mountain roads, our car like a fish swimming upstream into a sea of green. Looking out the window, tea fields stretched as far as the eye could see, terraced hills and sprawling plots in various shapes and sizes. Upon entering Nanyan Village, the air was filled with a fresh, invigorating tea fragrance. Taking a deep breath, every nerve and cell relaxed. When we arrived at Taishanlou, the annual Nanyan Tieguanyin Tea King Competition was entering its final round. The villagers held their breath, intently watching the courtyard. In the center stood a large tea table, about four to five meters long, on which ten white porcelain lidded jars were lined up horizontally, each corresponding to a numbered sample from 1 to 10. Staff took samples from the jars, weighing them according to standard procedures before placing them into the jars. Facing each jar, three white porcelain tea cups were arranged in a vertical row,…

Scented tea originated in the Song Dynasty, began to be produced in the Ming Dynasty and was perfected in the Qing Dynasty. In the late Qing Dynasty, Zhang Changyi established Zhang Yiyuan Tea Shop, which has been passed down through generations, specializing in the production and sale of jasmine tea. During the Republican era, Zhang Yiyuan jasmine tea became well-known throughout Beijing. Regulars at bathhouses and theaters almost always requested Zhang Yiyuan tea by name, and Peking Opera masters such as Qiu Shengrong, Ma Lianliang, Tan Fuying, and others were all regular customers of Zhang Yiyuan. Zhang Yiyuan jasmine tea is made using spring tea from Fujian oolong green tea as the base tea, which is scented multiple times with jasmine flowers. Zhang Yiyuan Teahouse bustling with customers Production Techniques 1. Raw Material Inspection (Tea Base and Flowers Inspection): Strictly inspect the tea base, and select jasmine flowers that are full-bodied, evenly sized, and have a lustrous white color. 2. Tea Base Processing: Process different grades of tea into piles for refined production, requiring the tea base moisture content to reach 8%, with an appearance that is clean, uniform, and free of foreign objects. 3. Flower Processing: The jasmine flowers…

In the mountainous northwest of Hubei, on the "Roof of Gucheng" at an average altitude of over a thousand meters in Zhaowan Township, there are two brothers who serve as the Party branch secretaries of two adjacent villages. Their story of sharing resources and collectively developing the tea industry to lead the locals to prosperity and a moderately prosperous life is widely known. "How's the quality of the tea processed by the mechanical arms?" "Not bad, I'll come and process a couple of batches myself then." At the end of June, Wang Anjun, the Party branch secretary of Taozhuang Village, brought his younger brother Wang Anhua to visit the newly purchased equipment in the village. Wang Anhua is the Party branch secretary of Changling Village, and had been worried about the tea production due to insufficient funds to build a new production line. "Brother, can we join forces to build a medium-sized tea processing factory? This way, we can share equipment and labor, saving costs and increasing efficiency," Wang Anhua asked, looking at Wang Anjun. Wang Anjun nodded in agreement, saying, "That's exactly what I was thinking. Let's do this together." Taozhuang Village and Changling Village are both high-altitude villages,…

Short-shoot cutting propagation of tea plants not only preserves the superior characteristics of the parent tree but also achieves rapid multiplication of tea seedlings, making it the optimal approach for the advancement of clonal varieties of tea, including albino tea. Technological Process for Propagation Propagation Plan: Determine the variety, quantity, and timing of propagation, prepare funds, materials, and labor accordingly. Cultivate Cuttings: Decide on the source of cuttings and arrange for their cultivation in advance. Nursery Preparation: Prepare the nursery and seedbeds in advance and equip them with necessary materials. Pruning and Propagating: Prune cuttings, propagate them, and manage the nursery concurrently. Nursery Management: Manage water, temperature, light, fertilization, pest and weed control, and branch control. Transplanting Seedlings: Prepare for water control in the nursery, packaging materials, and transplant seedlings according to standards. Propagation Cycle and Timing The propagation cycle for cutting propagation typically requires one year for the growth of healthy, qualified tea seedlings. However, with advancements in propagation and planting techniques, the cycle is trending towards shortening. Many self-breeders opt for transplanting small-sized seedlings in nearby areas with favorable ecological conditions. When using advanced facilities such as greenhouses, the seedlings often meet the required specifications without needing a…

In the depths of Brown Mountain, Menghai County, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, lies a village brimming with historical charm and natural beauty—Ban Zhang Village. “Red wine is judged by its chateau, Pu'er by its mountain origin.” Photograph of ancient tea tree branches in Ban Zhang by Zhang Hongping Ban Zhang Village, a large family composed of five natural villages—Old Ban Zhang, New Ban Zhang, Laoman'e, Dakalong, and Dakanuan—each preserving unique cultural traditions of the Bulang, Hani, and Lahu ethnic groups. Here, ancient tea trees coexist with the forest, known for their great age and superior quality, earning Ban Zhang the title of "China's No.1 Pu'er Tea Village." Tea farmer Tu Mei has been involved with tea since childhood. Her life is closely tied to tea, and she holds deep feelings for it. She reflects, “The techniques for making tea have become increasingly sophisticated, allowing the tea to retain more of its essence and aroma, resulting in higher-quality tea production.” The unique geographical and climatic conditions here make the Pu'er tea a favorite among countless tea enthusiasts. Photograph of the ancient tea mountain trail in Brown Mountain by Zhang Hongping The unique natural scenery and rich cultural heritage of…

Tea ware is often referred to as the father of tea, for it carries the essence of a cup of tea. The word "China" itself also means porcelain, and the West came to know China through its porcelain. Early pottery, bronze wares, later porcelains, and teaware made from materials like purple clay and glass were all adapted to the social productivity levels and brewing methods of their times. The complete set of gold and silver tea ware unearthed from the Famen Temple’s underground palace from the Tang Dynasty is breathtaking (multiple types of tea ware can also be seen in the painting “Night Banquet in the Tang Palace”). During Emperor Huizong's reign, tea competitions included the use of tea ware as an essential element, and Jian bowls, necessary for the tea-whisking method, became popular. Three of the Jian bowls (also known as Tenmoku bowls) that were brought to Japan are now considered national treasures there. The five famous kilns that produced tea ware are also world-renowned. The evolution of tea ware is a vast topic, but at its core, it cannot be separated from three words: "ceramics, technology, culture." Today, we will explore the evolution of tea ware from two…