Gaiwan

Tea is born in the embrace of nature, gathered from the essence of heaven and earth, absorbing the vitality of the sun and moon. From green leaves to the final transformation into the "green" fragrance on one's palate, tea and its green origins are inseparable. To thoroughly explore the essence of Pu'er tea production processes such as killing the green and sun-drying, the transformation from fresh leaves to finished product is far more meticulous and sophisticated than one might imagine. Today, let's delve into the production process of Pu'er tea. Wilted Fresh Leaves In the morning mist of tea regions, just as the fog begins to dissipate, tea farmers are already busy in the fields. Red sunlight filters through the misty clouds, draping everything in a golden veil. The dewdrops on the green tea leaves wet the gloves of the pickers. The freshly picked leaves are bright green and very tender. They need to be set aside to air dry patiently. As time passes, the water content within the leaves is gradually evaporated by the scorching sun, and the once taut tea stems become limp and lie on the ground. This process is known as airing, the first step of…

As a beginner who loves Pu'er tea, how can you brew Pu'er tea in a way that appears professional and tastes great? Here, we discuss the three key elements of brewing Pu'er tea and the brewing process.   The three key elements of brewing Pu'er tea are: amount of tea used, brewing time, and water temperature. Teaware: You can use a purple clay teapot or a gaiwan to brew Pu'er tea. For purple clay teapots, choose one with thick walls, coarse sand, and a smooth pour. For gaiwans, you can use ceramic or glass. Amount of tea: Generally, for compressed teas, use about 10 grams, adjusting according to your personal taste preferences. For loose-leaf Pu'er, the situation is more complex. Use less for tightly twisted leaves and more for large, robust leaves. The amount of tea used should be determined by the quality and character of the tea leaves. Water for brewing: Use mineral water or spring water, heated to around 95°C. Allow the boiling water to cool slightly before using it to ensure the tea has vitality. Brewing Process: 1. Placing the tea: If using compressed tea, break off a piece according to your taste preference. 2. Pre-infusion: After…

The number of steepings and the duration of each steeping for Puerh tea can vary based on the quality of the tea and personal taste. Generally speaking, Puerh tea can be steeped three to five times, with each steeping lasting around 10-20 seconds. The specific method for steeping Puerh tea is as follows: For the first steeping, pour boiling water into the gaiwan and quickly discard it. This serves to awaken the tea. For the second steeping, pour boiling water into the gaiwan and let it steep for 10-20 seconds before pouring out the tea liquor. At this point, the tea liquor should have the best flavor. For the third, fourth, and fifth steepings, pour boiling water into the gaiwan. The steeping time can be extended slightly according to personal taste before pouring out the tea liquor. After each steeping, clean the gaiwan to maintain its cleanliness. Puerh tea is more resilient than most teas and can typically be steeped continuously over ten times until the liquor becomes very light. Puerh tea is usually steeped with boiling water at 95-100°C. High temperatures help release the aroma and facilitate a quicker infusion of the tea's flavors. When boiling pure or spring…

Pu'er tea is a distinctive type of Chinese tea, renowned for its rich flavor and unique taste, capturing the hearts of many tea enthusiasts. Pu'er tea has always been a favorite among tea lovers due to its excellent health benefits and suitability as a wellness choice. However, for those who love drinking tea, enjoying a good cup of Pu'er tea not only depends on the quality of the tea but also on mastering the art of brewing it. How can you brew raw Pu'er tea to make it even more enjoyable? Let’s explore a simple method for brewing Pu'er tea. Brewing Pu'er Tea for Optimal Flavor Pu'er tea comes in two varieties: raw (sheng) and ripe (shou). Raw Pu'er tea, after sun-drying, has a restrained flavor and is typically drunk as loose leaves or broken off from compressed cakes. Ripe Pu'er tea, after undergoing pile fermentation, undergoes internal changes that make its components easy to extract; it is often sold as compressed teas, such as cakes or tuos. From the processing methods, we can deduce that when brewing raw Pu'er, the focus is on releasing its aroma and flavor, while with ripe Pu'er, the aim is to allow a graceful…

Wenshan Baozhong tea is a type of Oolong (or Qing) tea from the Taiwan region and is one of the most lightly oxidized fragrant Oolong teas, with an oxidation level of 8% to 12%. Due to its light baking and fermentation process, it exhibits a fresh and uplifting aroma, hence it's also known as "Qing Cha" or "Clear Tea." This tea is produced in the northern areas of Taipei City and New Taipei City, including Wenshan and Nangang in Taipei City, and Xindian, Pinglin, Shenkeng, Shiding, Pingxi, and Xizhi in New Taipei City. It has a history spanning over two hundred years. As a representative of northern Taiwan Oolong tea, Wenshan Baozhong is renowned alongside Dongding Oolong, enjoying the reputation of "North Wenshan, South Dongding." In 1869, Oolong tea from Taiwan was successfully exported to the United States by British merchant Tod and comprador Li Chunsheng. However, in 1873, due to poor sales, merchants sent unsold stocks of Oolong tea to Fuzhou where they were processed into fragrant Baozhong tea by adding floral scents, which unexpectedly received a positive response. In 1881, Fujianese tea merchant Wu Fuyuan (also known as Wu Fulao) crossed the sea to Taiwan and established the…

Drinking Pu'er tea is best with porcelain cups, purple clay cups, glass cups, etc. Pu'er tea can be divided into raw and ripe teas based on its processing method. Raw tea has a stronger character and ample qi, with noticeable salivation and a sweet aftertaste. Ripe tea is mellow and smooth, with rich inner qualities. Using different types of cups—such as glass or porcelain cups—can authentically reproduce the tea's aroma, while purple clay cups can enhance the depth of the tea's flavor. Suitable Cups for Drinking Pu'er Tea Tasting Cup: As the name suggests, a tasting cup is used for savoring tea. In the eyes of many tea enthusiasts, the tasting cup is an essential piece of teaware that showcases one’s personal taste. Tasting cups come in various shapes and materials. When choosing a tasting cup, always adhere to the principle that it should not be hot to the touch and should be easy to drink from, selecting a cup that matches both the tea leaves and the teapot. Gaiwan: A gaiwan is a type of teaware consisting of a saucer, a bowl, and a lid, also known as a "three-talent bowl" or "three-talent cup." It can be made from…

   The seven correct steps for brewing tea: boiling water, washing cups, adding tea leaves, infusing, pouring tea, serving tea, and savoring the tea.    The first step is to boil the water for brewing. The second step is to rinse the teaware with boiling water. The third step is to add the tea leaves to the cup. The fourth step is to pour water over the leaves to infuse them. The fifth step is to distribute the tea into the cups. The sixth step is to serve the tea to guests. The seventh step is to enjoy the tea with guests or friends. One; Boiling Water    For brewing tea, mountain spring water, purified water, and mineral water are ideal choices. Regardless of whether you need water at 80 degrees Celsius or 90 degrees Celsius, it must be boiled first before cooling to the desired temperature. Two; Washing Cups    Pour hot water into the teapot, gaiwan, aroma cup, and tasting cup. This process, known as warming and rinsing the teaware, cleans the utensils and raises their temperature, which helps in bringing out the aroma of the tea later on. Be sure to quickly discard the water. Three; Adding…

For tender and newly made loose Pu'er raw or ripe teas, you can choose not to rinse them. These types of teas have a strong flavor and, being in a loose state, are easier to brew and have unique flavors. However, for compressed teas and aged teas, rinsing is recommended. This is because these teas undergo special compression processes or long-term aging, which puts their taste and aroma into a "dormant" state. Rinsing the tea can fully awaken its aroma and flavor. What is the purpose of rinsing tea? In fact, the most important role of "rinsing" today is to "awaken" the tea, with cleaning dust being secondary. Why is this so? Because things are different now compared to ancient times. In ancient times, tea was purely naturally hand-picked and processed outdoors, so it was inevitable that there would be dust and insect eggs. However, in modern tea production, there is a step called "removal of ash content," which removes dust and impurities. Most commercially available teas are clean, with only a few low-grade teas having issues with dust and insect eggs. The claim about residual pesticides doesn't hold up, as modern pesticides are lipid-soluble and dissolve only in oils,…

I was out of town on a business trip. After finishing my work, a friend contacted me and invited me for tea. However, since it was a weekday, we decided to meet in his office. This tea session made me realize a profound issue: what would the infusion of top-quality Pu'er tea taste like when brewed with hard water that had been sitting for half a month? Good Tea, Lesser Water My friend has grown up around tea and has maintained a clean lifestyle for years within the system, almost abstaining from smoking and drinking, with his greatest hobby being tea. When we arrived at his office, he opened a cabinet against the wall, which was packed with metal tea boxes, wooden tea chests, and various kinds of tea, including Pu'er cakes, Tieguanyin, and green tea, some of them quite expensive. The tea was excellent, but the brewing utensils were excessively simple. He used a standard government-issued white porcelain mug with a handle for drinking and a low-quality portable brewing cup for brewing, while boiling water in a cheap thin-steel electric kettle. With a wry smile, my friend apologized, saying, "The environment here can't compare to your meticulously arranged tea…

Why does the tea you brew always taste different from that of a tea artist? It turns out that every step, from boiling water, selecting utensils, preparing the tea leaves to brewing, can affect the infusion. Brewing tea is not only a technical skill but also requires meticulous attention. The details make or break the result. Whether the tea tastes good or not depends on whether you have paid attention to these details and methods. Boiling Water Boil water this way for better-tasting tea In his book, "The Classic of Tea," Lu Yu of the Tang Dynasty described three stages of boiling water: First Boil: When the water starts bubbling like fish eyes with a gentle sound; Second Boil: When bubbles rise like a spring of pearls; Third Boil: When the water surges and waves like a rushing tide. For modern people, boil water quickly over high heat instead of slowly over low heat. When the water continuously bubbles at the second or just into the third boil, its activity is best. If boiled too long, the oxygen content decreases, reducing its activity, which we often refer to as "over-boiled" water. This negatively impacts the infusion. If using tap water,…

Wandering through the streets of Chengdu, you'll find a teahouse every few steps. People gather to leisurely drink tea from gaiwans, enjoy local snacks, and listen to Sichuan opera – it's a comfortable life... Tracing the Origin of the Gaiwan Sichuanese not only love drinking tea but also invented the convenient gaiwan. Since the Ming Dynasty, gaiwans have been in use for hundreds of years. Even today, whether it's beginners learning about tea or experienced tea enthusiasts brewing tea, gaiwans are commonly seen. Gaiwans are made of stable materials that do not easily absorb flavors. They are easy to use and suitable for brewing all types of tea while allowing the tea leaves to exhibit their original flavors. They are considered the fairest and most impartial tea brewing tools. Therefore, seasoned tea drinkers and enthusiasts often choose gaiwans when trying out teas. In their hands, gaiwans are used with ease. Even when the water temperature is high, they remain calm and composed, appearing graceful and smooth to outsiders. However, when one attempts to brew tea themselves, they realize that using a gaiwan can be quite hot on the hands. When the hand shakes severely, one might think: "This isn't elegant…

Many people have the habit of drinking tea, and there are various types of tea, with Pu'er tea being one of them. Brewing Pu'er tea can be quite enjoyable and help you relax both mentally and physically. Drinking it in moderation can also have beneficial effects on your health. Below is a guide on how to brew Pu'er tea. The Brewing Method for Pu'er Tea Cake: 1. Breaking the Tea Cake Prepare a tea needle or a tea knife and insert it along the side edge of the tea cake, then apply upward force to break off pieces. To avoid damaging the integrity of the tea leaves and prevent the tea cake from becoming too fragmented, try to push the tool further into the cake. Typically, you should break off as much as you need for brewing; a general guideline is 5 grams for aged tea and 8 grams for raw tea. 2. Waking the Tea Use a 110 ml white porcelain gaiwan for brewing. Discard the first infusion, which serves as a rinse and helps to wake up the tea. For older aged teas, use water at boiling point (100°C) for direct brewing, while for newer raw teas, you…

Aged Pu'er (Shou Pu'er) is widely favored for its mild nature, broad appeal to different groups of drinkers, and health benefits. In regions where the appreciation of Pu'er tea is prevalent, it's common to see people brewing and savoring aged Pu'er casually. However, is there really no technique to brewing aged Pu'er? How should one open a cake of aged Pu'er? Brewing with Steeping or Boiling Compared to many other teas, everyday aged Pu'er is not particularly delicate. There's no need for elaborate techniques when brewing it. If we apply the four elements of tea brewing—tea, water, vessel, and brewer—we mainly need to pay attention to water temperature, brewing vessel, tea-to-water ratio, and steeping time. The most commonly used vessels for brewing aged Pu'er are gaiwans and Yixing clay pots. Let's start with the gaiwan, which can be used for brewing all kinds of teas. When opening a cake of everyday aged Pu'er, we use a gaiwan for our initial tasting. The water temperature for brewing aged Pu'er is typically boiling water, ensuring that each pour is at boiling point. This can be achieved using a widely recognized water heater like the Jigou water heater. The tea-to-water ratio can be…

The amount of tea used when brewing Pu'er tea depends on the capacity of your teapot and personal taste. Generally, for 3-5 people, use 6-9 grams of tea; for 6-10 people, use 10-13 grams of tea, adjusting according to the number of participants; if you prefer a stronger tea, you can add more. Appropriate Brewing Ratio for Pu'er Ripened Tea For a 5-gram packet of Pu'er tea, typically add it to a small 180-milliliter teapot. For brewing 4-5 grams of Pu'er tea (at a water temperature above 95 degrees Celsius), under normal circumstances, the tea-to-water ratio is generally 1:50, meaning 1 gram of tea per 50 milliliters of water. A common practice is to use 3 grams of tea with 150 milliliters of water, allowing it to steep for 5 minutes for evaluation. When boiling Pu'er tea, the tea-to-water ratio is usually 1:80, or 1 gram of tea per 80 milliliters of water. Typically, 5 grams of tea are used with 400 milliliters of water. The tea-to-water ratio for aged raw Pu'er tea using a gaiwan is around 1:20. For an 180-milliliter gaiwan, a recommended amount of tea would be about 8 grams. If you prefer a stronger flavor, you…

What is Dancong Tea? Dancong tea, produced in the Fenghuang Mountain area of Chaozhou City, Guangdong Province, China, is a type of Oolong tea with distinctive local characteristics. It is renowned for its unique aroma and rich flavor, earning it the accolade of being the "cream of the crop" among teas. The name Dancong originates from the mother tree "Dancong," referring to a single tea plant, and its intricate production process makes it a premium tea. The Uniqueness of Dancong Tea What sets Dancong tea apart is primarily its aroma and taste. There are various aromatic types of Dancong tea, such as Orchid, Huangzhi, and Honey Orchid, each with its own distinct character. The tea-making process includes withering, shaking, fixation, rolling, and baking, each step requiring the skilled craftsmanship and extensive experience of the tea maker. Brewing Steps for Dancong Tea While Dancong tea boasts exceptional quality, the correct brewing method is essential to fully appreciate its unique flavors. Below are detailed brewing steps for Dancong tea. 1. Preparing the Tea Utensils Firstly, choosing suitable tea utensils is very important. Generally, a gaiwan or a purple clay teapot is the best choice for brewing Dancong tea. A gaiwan can better…

The tea-to-water ratio for raw Pu'er is 1:15, which means for a 110 ml gaiwan, you should use 7 to 8 grams of raw Pu'er tea. Moreover, the flavor of raw Pu'er is stronger and richer, with a high-aroma profile. When brewing, pay attention to the water temperature, teaware, amount of tea used, and infusion time. If too much tea is used, it can result in a bitter and astringent infusion, negatively affecting the taste experience. Is it correct to use 7 grams of tea? Many people suggest using 7 grams of tea but overlook the capacity of the teapot or gaiwan. During standard evaluation, the ratio is 110 ml of water to 7 grams of tea. However, in practical brewing, it is recommended to adjust the amount of tea based on the size of your teaware, referring to a 1:15 ratio. Additionally, you can adjust according to your preferred strength of the infusion. It's not a fixed rule. For those new to Pu'er tea, you can prepare a small scale and weigh the tea each time you brew, adhering to the tea-to-water ratio. Over time, you can rely more on your "feel" when measuring the tea. Choice of Teaware…

    Water is the mother of tea, and utensils are its father, serving as vessels that nurture and hold tea. Tea utensils are the medium through which we appreciate and savor tea, and "when utensils are exquisite and clean, they enhance the beauty of the tea." Therefore, the choice and arrangement of tea utensils play an indispensable role in the enjoyment of tea. With the development of modern society and changes in tea-drinking customs, tea utensils have evolved in terms of variety, form, and meaning, bringing not only delicious tea but also a sense of joy and comfort. ❃ Water Kettle and Stove A well-suited set of water-heating tools can inspire endless possibilities for tea lovers. The "Yushu Wei," one of the "Four Treasures of the Tea Room," refers to the water kettle, while the "Chaoshan Lu" is the stove used for boiling water. The Yushu Wei is a small, flat pot made of thin, reddish porcelain with a capacity of about 250 milliliters. When the water boils, the lid makes a bubbling sound, as if calling out to brew tea. Nowadays, this type of kettle is rarely used. In most teahouses, slightly larger purple clay pots from Yixing, often…

The method for brewing white tea cake: 1. Pry the tea – pry as much as you need; 2. Add tea – use 5g of tea with a 110 ml white porcelain gaiwan; 3. Brew the tea – pour boiling water at 90-100 degrees Celsius over the tea, the first infusion is for rinsing the tea, and subsequent infusions up to the fourth should be quick, starting from the fifth infusion gradually increase the steeping time. How to Brew White Tea Cake 1. Pry the tea Prepare tea prying tools such as a tea knife. After opening the packaged white tea cake, insert the tea knife from the side edge of the tea cake, apply a little force and gently push it into the tea cake, then lift upward. Note that you should insert along the gaps between the tea leaves to ensure that the tea cake is pried layer by layer. 2. Add tea Pry as much tea as you intend to drink, avoiding prying too much. Typically, use 5g of tea. Choose an 110 ml white porcelain gaiwan for brewing. Warm the cup, add the tea, and pour in hot water at 90-100 degrees Celsius. The first rinse…

Xiaoxinggan requires a rinse before steeping. Before you start, prepare a pot of boiling water and tear open the cotton paper wrapping of the Xiaoxinggan. Remove the Xiaoxinggan and place it in a gaiwan. Pour boiling water over it and immediately pour out the water; this is considered rinsing the tea. The rinse time should not be too long, generally no more than 5 seconds. After rinsing, you can proceed with the formal steeping and finally enjoy the tea. Many people are curious about whether the first steep of Xiaoxinggan needs a rinse. In fact, the first steep of Xiaoxinggan still requires a rinse. My suggestion is that the first two steeps can be directly discarded, which helps to wash away impurities in the tea. After removing the outer packaging of the Xiaoxinggan, lift off the lid and pour in boiling water. After about 3 seconds, quickly pour out the tea water. For the second steep, pour in boiling water again and let it sit for 3-5 seconds before pouring out the tea soup. Starting from the third steep, allow a bit longer steeping time, which will help the tangerine peel absorb water fully and release its essential oils and…

Some say that Anhua black tea is one that breathes. When we open a box of preserved old tea, it's like opening a "door to time," telling the story of "aging brings fragrance." Airing the tea provides Anhua black tea with oxygen and moisture, endowing it with new life, like the key to the door of time, the prelude to a moving story~ It's crucial yet easily overlooked. Tea lovers who master the small technique of airing the tea will enjoy better black tea. I. What is Airing the Tea? Airing the tea involves letting stored tea ventilate for a period of time, awakening its aroma and flavor fully. The process of airing the tea commonly involves two stages: contact with air (dry airing) and contact with water (wet airing). Generally, the time from when black tea is removed from storage until brewing is called "dry airing." The process of quickly moistening the tea with boiling water during brewing, allowing the leaves to hydrate and expand, is known as "wet airing." II. How Long Should Airing Last? The duration of airing Anhua black tea is primarily determined by the degree of compression and the condition of the tea leaves. Generally,…

To brew ripe tea in a way that brings out its best, I conducted some experiments regarding the choice of vessel, water, and brewing techniques. Here are my insights. The general approach is as follows: first, analyze the nature of the tea and identify its characteristics; second, determine the brewing goals based on these characteristics, aiming to work with them and highlight their strengths while minimizing weaknesses; third, consider specific methods to achieve these goals; finally, through practice, further analyze, validate, and adjust the process. Analyzing the Nature of the Tea ▼ In terms of aroma, new ripe teas have a piling scent, but good teas will exhibit floral honey aromas or even aged aromas later in the brewing process. Older ripe teas have storage and dry leaf scents, but high-quality aged teas will develop excellent aged aromas or even medicinal aromas later on. In terms of taste, new ripe teas are no longer very stimulating or astringent, but they do have a pleasant broth-like texture. When brewed properly, they can have a smooth and grainy mouthfeel like red bean soup. Older ripe teas become clearer in broth and milder in taste, but can have a very high level of…

  Ware is the father of tea. When it comes to choosing ware, there are many mystical theories, but by following these principles, you'll be on the right track.   1. The coarseness or fineness of the ware is directly proportional to the fermentation level and age of the tea That is, the less fermented the tea, the finer the ware should be. For example, green tea is best suited for celadon or glassware, oolong tea for finer clay purple sand, and dark tea for coarse pottery or coarser clay purple sand. This is because the finer the texture, the better it can express the warmth and smoothness of lightly or non-fermented teas. Coarse pottery absorbs the peculiar flavors of aged teas, which is why water passing through sand makes it sweet, helping to dissipate the turbidity of old teas.   2. The height of the ware is directly proportional to the age of the tea In principle, the older the tea, the higher and deeper the vessel should be, such as the Qin Quan or Han Duo styles in purple sand, which can effectively bring out the character of aged teas. Fine and tender teas, like green tea, should…

Brewing ripened Pu'er tea involves three main steps: 1) Prepare a Yixing clay pot or a gaiwan; 2) Determine the tea-to-water ratio, using 7g of tea for every 100ml of water when brewing with a gaiwan, and 10g of tea for every 180ml of water when brewing with a Yixing pot; 3) Rinse the tea for about 10 seconds before brewing, then infuse with boiling water, with the first to fifth infusions steeping for 5-7 seconds, and subsequent infusions steeping for 7-10 seconds. 1. Teaware You can use a Yixing clay pot or a gaiwan to brew ripened Pu'er tea. The internal pores of a Yixing pot provide good breathability, which helps to enhance the aroma and aged flavor of the tea. A gaiwan, on the other hand, does not absorb flavors, allowing you to experience the true taste of the ripened Pu'er and appreciate its beautiful color. 2. Tea Quantity If using a gaiwan, a general guideline is a tea-to-water ratio of 7g of tea for every 100ml of water. For brewing with a Yixing pot (180ml capacity), around 10g of tea is suitable. Adjust the amount of tea based on your preference for stronger or milder flavor. 3.…

Fengqing Yunnan black tea is a type of traditional Chinese black tea produced in Fengqing County, Lincang City, Yunnan Province. This region is located in the southern part of the Yunnan plateau, with a mild climate, abundant rainfall, and fertile soil, which are ideal for tea cultivation. Due to its unique growing environment and processing methods, Fengqing Yunnan black tea offers several benefits and effects: The Benefits and Effects of Fengqing Yunnan Black Tea 1. Stimulates Mental Alertness: Fengqing Yunnan black tea contains caffeine, which can stimulate the central nervous system, increasing alertness and focus, and enhancing cognitive reaction speed. 2. Aids Digestion: This tea contains various tannins that have astringent properties, which can alleviate discomfort in the gastrointestinal tract, promote the secretion of digestive juices, increase appetite, and assist in the digestion and absorption of food. 3. Reduces Fat and Aids Weight Loss: The polyphenols in Fengqing Yunnan black tea help inhibit fat synthesis and absorption, promote fat breakdown and burning, and have some effect in reducing body fat and aiding weight loss. 4. Antioxidant and Anti-Aging: This tea is rich in antioxidants that can eliminate free radicals, delay cellular aging, improve skin elasticity and luster, and reduce the…