Fertilizer

According to weather forecasts, from February 1st to 6th, Hubei Province will experience the most powerful cold wave of the winter, with low temperatures, rain, snow, and ice. The average temperature across the province is expected to drop by 6°C to 10°C. This severe freezing weather will pose a significant threat to the normal growth of tea plants, particularly young ones. Precautionary measures should be taken to minimize the impact of extreme freezing conditions on tea fields and ensure the production of spring tea next year. Influence of Low-Temperature Freezing Weather on Tea Production Severe freezing weather poses a significant threat to the normal growth of tea plants, especially young ones, potentially leading to reduced yields, decreased quality, and even plant death. Measures to Prevent Frost Damage in Tea Plants 1. Covering for Frost Protection For mature tea plants in high-altitude areas, non-woven fabrics, ground films, or shade nets can be used to directly cover the canopy, with better results achieved by erecting a shelter 10cm to 20cm above the canopy. Covering with rice straw or crop stalks provides even better protection against extreme cold. Covering materials should be removed when temperatures rise. 2. Spraying Anti-Freeze Agents For mature tea…

In order to enhance the management level of tea garden production, ensuring stable and high yields as well as improved quality and efficiency, on August 7th, the Jiangmen Agricultural Technology Extension Service Platform, in conjunction with the Kaiping Agricultural Technology Extension Service Station, invited Senior Agronomist Huang Hualin to conduct a live training session on the theme of “Tea Garden Planning and Planting Management” at Dahasha Valley in Dasha Town, Kaiping City. At the event, Expert Huang Hualin combined theory with practice to provide an accessible explanation of tea garden management and production processing techniques. He emphasized and guided the intercropping model of tea and beans, aiming to improve the nutrient utilization efficiency of tea plants and achieve the goal of reducing fertilizer use while increasing efficiency. Subsequently, Expert Huang Hualin discussed aspects of planting management such as sowing techniques, weeding and fertilization, pruning, and pest control. He also reminded farmers that after the growth and harvesting periods of spring and summer, tea plants lose their stored nutrients and soil nutrients, necessitating strengthened management of tea gardens in autumn and winter to ensure the healthy growth of tea plants and improve the quality and yield of tea leaves. Finally, Expert…

Accompanied by the morning mist, Wang Wanguo and his fellow villagers weed and pick tea in the tea garden, with the verdant and towering Wuzhishan not far away, its main peak appearing and disappearing in the clouds and fog. The ecologically friendly organic tea garden in Wuzhishan's Shuiman Township. Photo by Niu Liangyu, People's Daily Online High mountains and cloud-covered mist produce fine tea. The Wuzhishan large-leaf tea hidden in Hainan's tropical rainforest has long been a local calling card and a vivid testament to Wuzhishan's practice of "industrialization of ecology" and "ecologization of industry." Focusing on ecology to grow good tea, how is the quality of this "ecological tea" from Wuzhishan? Recently, reporters went "into the mountains" to investigate. Core Competitiveness Lies in Ecology Following the winding mountain road, the reporters arrived at the Wu Zhai Organic Ecological Tea Garden in Wuzhishan's Shuiman Township. What caught the eye were tea plants, ground cover film on the soil, and insect traps between the tea plants. Tea farmers picking tea in an organic tea garden in Wuzhishan. Photo by Niu Liangyu, People's Daily Online "We are going 'organic.'" Wang Wanguo is a resident of Fanghao Village, Shuiman Township, Wuzhishan City, Hainan…

I. Poor Quality Manifestations The main manifestations of poor quality in albino tea include overgrowth of new shoots, distortion of buds and leaves, hindered recovery to green, and physiological disorders. 1. Overgrowth of New Shoots Overgrowth is the mildest manifestation of poor quality. When new shoots develop to have two or three leaves, they no longer produce new leaves but instead show a significant increase in stem length. The length of a one-bud-two-or-three-leaves shoot can reach over 10 cm, sometimes even exceeding 15 cm. These buds and leaves are well-albino, but due to their excessive length, they are unsuitable for flat or strip-shaped tea processing. However, there is still room for processing into coiled or curled teas. This phenomenon is more likely to occur in leaf-white type albino teas. Morphology of Overgrown Albino Shoots 2. Distortion of Buds and Leaves Distortion primarily occurs in tea buds that sprout later during lower temperatures. It is characterized by hooked bud shapes, hardened green stems, long and slender leaves resembling willow leaves, twisted leaf surfaces with asymmetric veins, irregular leaf margins, and snow-white coloration that is hard and thin. These buds and leaves cannot be processed into normal fresh leaf shapes, and the…

In recent years, the area of tea gardens has grown annually in response to the increasing demand in the tea market. However, the expansion of tea garden areas has brought about a series of issues including soil erosion, acidification, and reduced fertility, which are detrimental to tea yield and quality. This article, based on the current distribution of tea gardens in our country, summarizes the more common problems in the tea garden soil environment. It also analyzes the remediation effects and mechanisms of applying biochar, microbial fertilizers, and compound conditioners, aiming to provide a theoretical foundation for future soil improvement work in tea gardens and the promotion of soil conditioners. This article, based on the current distribution of tea gardens in our country, summarizes the more common problems in the tea garden soil environment. It also analyzes the remediation effects and mechanisms of applying biochar, microbial fertilizers, and compound conditioners, aiming to provide a theoretical foundation for future soil improvement work in tea gardens and the promotion of soil conditioners. I. The Area and Distribution Characteristics of Tea Gardens in Our Country As of 2022, the total area of tea gardens in our country has reached 3.3303 million hectares, ranking…

With the drop in temperature, the growth of the above-ground parts of tea trees slows down gradually while that of the underground parts remains relatively active. Applying base fertilizer in autumn can improve the efficiency of fertilizer use by the tea trees and contribute to enhancing the quality and yield of spring tea the following year. Therefore, it is essential to apply base fertilizers scientifically to tea trees in autumn. I. Principles of Fertilization 1. Organic and chemical fertilizers should be used in combination, with organic fertilizers replacing part of the chemical fertilizers, and base fertilizers should be applied deeply; 2. Maintain a suitable nutrient ratio. Based on soil fertility conditions and tea yield, determine the nitrogen fertilizer amount and enhance the combined application of phosphorus, potassium, and magnesium fertilizers, paying attention to the supplementation of sulfur, boron, and other nutrients; 3. For tea gardens with severely acidified soils (soil pH < 4), measures such as applying lime, soil conditioners, or increasing the application of mature livestock manure can be taken to gradually improve the soil; 4. Combine scientific fertilization with green cultivation techniques that increase yield and efficiency. II. Methods of Fertilization 1. Timing of base fertilizer application: It…

Nursery management significantly influences the survival and transplanting rates of tea seedlings. Different ecological and physiological factors at various stages of development require distinct management approaches, depending on when the cuttings were taken. I. Development Cycle of Tea Seedlings When using short-shoot cuttings, the process from planting to developing a standard-compliant tea seedling can be divided into two phases: the pre-plant stage where the cutting is establishing itself, and the phase where a complete plant develops into a viable seedling. The survival rate during the first phase is critical in propagation techniques. Summer and early autumn cuttings have longer growth cycles and larger growth volumes, which often result in a significant number of weaker plants due to competition for nutrients and space, particularly in the second year of growth. To improve transplanting rates and seedling quality, the second phase is typically managed in two different periods: one when the seedling is less than 20 cm tall, focusing on promoting vigorous growth, and another once it surpasses 20 cm, implementing measures to control stronger plants while stimulating weaker ones. II. Element Management Nursery element management encompasses water, light, temperature, fertilization, pest and weed control, and plant regulation. Each of these elements…

Timely perform summer pruning on tea bushes According to weather forecasts, Hangzhou will see the end of its plum rains around July 9th this year, and summer pruning can be conducted in the first and second decades of July. For those tea bushes that underwent heavy pruning after spring tea harvest and have shown vigorous growth with new shoots exceeding 50 centimeters in height, summer pruning is necessary. The purpose of summer pruning on tea bushes: First, it controls the height of the tea canopy; second, it increases the density and quality of autumn shoots while reducing branching; third, it decreases flowering and fruiting in the autumn. By performing summer pruning, high-quality autumn shoots are cultivated, ensuring a high yield of quality spring tea in the following year. Specific operations for summer pruning: Fertilize before pruning. 1. Trench application of top dressing: Open shallow trenches 10-15 centimeters deep along the rows of tea bushes, apply 30-50 kilograms per mu of high-nitrogen compound fertilizer, and cover with soil afterward. 2. Use a motorized double-person pruner or an electric single-person pruner to trim approximately 20 centimeters above the previous cut (leaving 3-5 leaves on the new branches grown after spring tea harvest).…

Impacted by a moderate-strength El Niño event, and superimposed on the backdrop of global warming, the global average temperature in 2023 may break the record for the warmest year set in 2016. It is expected that temperatures in most regions of China will be close to or higher than the long-term average this winter through to next spring, but with active cold air phases. Precipitation in southern regions is expected to be above normal, increasing the risk of compound meteorological disasters. Given these complex climate changes, timely management of tea gardens during winter can help them safely overwinter and lay a foundation for high-quality tea production and increased income for tea farmers in the coming year. So how should we manage tea gardens in winter? Follow along as we look at the winter and spring tea garden management technical guidelines developed jointly by the Department of Plant Industry Management of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, the National Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center, and the Expert Advisory Group for Tea of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs. 1. Disaster Prevention 1.1 Preventing Frost Damage Monitor weather forecasts closely. Before a cold wave, implement frost protection measures such as…

Tea plants are leaf crops cultivated for the harvest of young leaves and buds. Spring tea is the season with the highest quality and most significant economic benefits in the annual tea production cycle. Currently, it is a critical period for implementing spring farming activities across the province. Promptly addressing spring tea production and implementing relevant tea garden management measures play a vital role in enhancing tea yield and quality, as well as increasing the economic benefits for tea farmers and tea enterprises. I. Early Application of Bud Stimulating Fertilizer The new shoots of tea plants in spring grow vigorously, at a rapid pace, and consume relatively large amounts of nutrients. The root system has strong absorption capabilities, and it is difficult to meet the growth needs solely relying on the base fertilizer applied in the previous autumn, which can result in a "disconnection" of soil nutrients in the tea garden. Studies have shown that applying bud stimulating fertilizers about 25 days before the emergence of tea buds not only helps increase spring tea yields (comparing tea gardens with and without spring fertilization, there is an overall increase of 10%-20% in the annual yield), but also plays a good role…

Summer and autumn are critical periods for tea garden management. Strengthening summer and autumn tea garden production management is the foundation for ensuring high-quality and high-yield summer and autumn tea and the following spring tea. The Planting Industry Management Department of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, together with the National Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center, the Expert Advisory Group for Tea of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, and the National Tea Industry Technology System, have developed the following technical guidance on summer and autumn tea garden production management and disaster prevention and mitigation. Strengthening Tea Garden Production Management (1) Tea Plant Pruning - For year-round harvesting tea gardens, promptly perform the initial light pruning after spring tea harvesting, cutting off the top 5-10 cm of shoots from the canopy. During summer tea harvesting, it is advisable to allow some growth retention and use the leaf-retention method or tip-picking method to maintain an appropriate leaf layer thickness. Harvesting should be appropriately stopped earlier in autumn to avoid affecting the yield and quality of the following year's spring tea. To cultivate a good picking surface, the second light pruning should be completed before mid-July, with the pruning height…

(1) Timely Pruning When pruning tea trees that have suffered from freezing, it is essential to tailor the approach based on local conditions and specific gardens. For tea gardens primarily focused on harvesting high-quality teas, different levels of pruning should be applied according to the severity of freezing damage. If only some tender leaves are affected, no pruning may be necessary; if parts of the branches and leaves lose vitality after freezing, pruning is required to encourage new shoots and develop a strong framework and picking surface. When most tea plants suffer damage to the foliage and branches 3-5 cm above the picking surface, light pruning is recommended; in cases of more severe damage where the main branches are also affected, heavy pruning should be performed; if the damage is extremely severe and the above-ground branches and leaves have lost vitality, coppicing (cutting back severely) is appropriate. Pruning should ideally be carried out in early spring when temperatures have stabilized and there is no risk of a late cold snap. For mechanical harvesting gardens focused on bulk tea production, pruning should follow the principle of "catering to the majority, consistency within the garden." Different depths of pruning should be used…

On August 5th, in the Sanfangping Community of Yuyangguan Town, Hubei Caihua Tea Industry Co., Ltd. distributed 9,600 bags of organic fertilizer, 40,000 yellow sticky boards, and 3,200 bottles of lime-sulfur mixture free of charge to 228 local tea farmers. Previously, technical personnel from the County Tea Development Center provided training for local farmers on practical techniques such as pest control and organic farming to improve their scientific management skills. Caihua Tea Industry, one of the key players in the construction of organic, eco-friendly low-carbon tea and ancient wild tea, plans to promote techniques that reduce chemical inputs and implement green prevention measures against pests and diseases in tea gardens. This will enable the creation of a 3,100-mu (approximately 206 hectares) eco-friendly low-carbon tea base. Additionally, they will develop a demonstration base for the protection of ancient tea trees. According to the 2024 Five Peak Consolidation Plan for Ten Thousand Mu Organic Tea, Ancient Wild Tea Bases, and Eco-Friendly Low-Carbon Tea Bases, this year our county aims to build an additional 10,000 mu (approximately 667 hectares) of eco-friendly low-carbon tea bases and 9,800 mu (approximately 653 hectares) of ancient wild tea bases, building upon the existing ten thousand mu organic…

The tea picking technique directly affects the yield and quality of tea. A scientifically sound picking technique should accurately control the picking standards, methods, cycles, and storage of fresh leaves while balancing the relationship between picking and nurturing. Below is an introduction to the manual picking technique for high-quality green tea fresh leaves. Tea Picking Standards The picking standards are determined based on factors such as the tea plant variety, growth status, new shoot development, and the type of processed tea product. Generally, high-quality green tea is picked at a tender stage, starting with single buds, followed by one bud and one initial leaf, one bud and one full leaf, and one bud and two initial leaves. For needle-shaped teas, picking ranges from one bud and one initial leaf to one bud and two initial leaves, while flat bud-shaped teas are picked from single buds to one bud and one initial leaf. Tea Picking Period In spring, when picking fresh leaves for high-quality green tea, harvesting should commence when 5% to 10% of the buds and leaves on the tea plant canopy reach the picking standard. Based on the sprouting of buds and leaves, picking should be organized every 1…

Weed control is a critical aspect of managing young tea gardens in Guizhou. Techniques such as manual weeding, tillage weeding, and mulching have proven effective, but they require significant labor and material inputs. Manual weeding alone can cost 700 to 800 RMB per mu, increasing the overall management costs of the tea garden. Intercropping soybeans in young tea gardens can effectively suppress weed growth, improve the ecological environment, and enhance soil fertility. Additionally, this practice generates supplementary income of around 1,000 RMB per mu. Soybeans are an important oilseed crop, and China's current production falls short of domestic demand. Intercropping soybeans in young tea gardens aligns with national policies aimed at increasing soybean production capacity and ensuring food security. To leverage the weed control and soil fertility benefits of intercropping soybeans, the Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences Tea Research Institute has developed this plan. Soybean intercropping in tea gardens in Datun Village, Shiqian County General Requirements 1. Adhere to Tea Garden Safety Principles All pesticides and fertilizers used in tea gardens must comply with Guizhou's safety standards. No pesticides or fertilizers prohibited in tea gardens should be applied, even if they are suitable for soybeans. 2. Balance Tea Management and…

This year, due to widespread cold snaps and wintry weather, some tea gardens in the Huangshan District experienced low-temperature frost damage. To ensure that spring tea production is not affected, recently, Professor Li Yecloud of Tea Science from Anhui Agricultural University and experts from the South Anhui Comprehensive Experimental Station visited tea gardens in the Huangshan District to provide on-site guidance for spring tea production. With less than a month until the start of spring tea harvesting, it's a critical period for spring tea management. In the high mountain tea garden in Longyuan Village, Longmen Township, Huangshan District, Professor Li Yecloud of Tea Science from Anhui Agricultural University and his team are discussing the situation of spring tea production with local tea farmers and offering targeted advice. "The pruning was too severe; generally, we suggest leaving a base." After on-site observation, Professor Li found that some tea plants had been over-pruned, and some leaves were showing red-yellow discoloration. Professor Li Yecloud, School of Tea and Food Science & Technology, Anhui Agricultural University: After checking along the way, I feel that the tea gardens in the Huangshan District, due to relatively high management standards earlier, suffered only minor frost damage. Only…

Green manure is a clean organic fertilizer free from heavy metals, antibiotics, hormones, and other residues. It is also an effective measure to reduce the application of chemical fertilizers and improve soil fertility. Intercropping winter green manure in tea gardens is an effective way to maintain and improve soil fertility, utilizing garden resources to nourish the garden and trees. This practice can maximize resource utilization, as green manure covering the soil surface reduces soil erosion by rainwater, absorbs and activates soil nutrients, and prevents nutrient loss. Since there is less competition between winter green manure and tea plants, it has good prospects for wider application in tea gardens. Based on years of experimental research, this article introduces suitable varieties of winter green manure for tea gardens and key points in their cultivation techniques. Suitable Varieties of Winter Green Manure for Tea Gardens and Their Characteristics Tea garden soils are typically acidic and rich in aluminum, so the green manure crops grown must be acid and aluminum tolerant. The main criteria for selecting suitable green manure crops are biomass yield and quality, which are important indicators of a variety's stress tolerance and productivity. Nitrogen content is one of the most critical…

Recently, affected by a strong cold air front, temperatures in Guangdong have dropped significantly, with some areas experiencing snow, ice, and freezing conditions, especially in the northern tea regions of Renhua, Lechang, and Lianshan, where "icicles" have appeared. To minimize the impact of low temperatures on tea production, reporters from Nongcun Nanfang Daily and the Southern Tea Channel contacted experts from the Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences Tea Research Institute, the National Tea Industry Technology System Qingyuan Comprehensive Test Station, and the Guangdong Tea Industry Technology System to provide advice for tea farmers on how to implement effective frost protection measures for their tea plants, thus strengthening prevention and ensuring the safety of tea production. Impact of Frost Damage on Tea Plants After suffering from frost damage, tea plants may exhibit symptoms such as discolored and dried leaves, dead branches, and trunks. This can also delay the sprouting of spring tea, leading to reduced yield and quality, which affects economic benefits. Symptoms of frost damage in tea plants Care for Frost-Damaged Tea Plants 1. Care for Dormant Tea Plants Affected by Frost: For varieties with good cold resistance, timely drainage is needed to prevent repeated freeze-thaw cycles that can damage…

Recently, there has been a significant temperature drop in the tea-growing areas north of the Yangtze River, south of the Yangtze River, eastern parts of the southwestern region, and southern China. Some regions have experienced temperature drops exceeding 18°C. The province has seen the most extensive freezing weather since winter began, with minimum temperatures dropping below 0°C in all areas except parts of the Qiannan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture. Prolonged low temperatures, freezing conditions, and snowfall will cause varying degrees of damage to factories and seedling greenhouses in some tea-growing areas, adversely affecting young tea seedlings and mature tea plants, delaying harvesting times, and reducing tea production. Urgent action is needed to prevent and mitigate the impact of freezing weather. To cope with the cold snap and minimize freeze damage to tea gardens and facilities, based on technical guidance developed by the Department of Crop Management under the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, together with the National Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center, the Expert Advisory Group on Tea of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, and the Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and considering the actual situation in Guizhou, the following preventive…

On July 1, our city experienced heavy rainfall, with 24-hour accumulated precipitation exceeding 100 millimeters at 23 monitoring stations, the highest being 172.9 millimeters at Changling station. The intense short-term rainfall led to landslides, collapsed embankments, mud accumulation, and waterlogging in some tea gardens, causing varying degrees of flood damage and related secondary disasters. To minimize losses from tea production due to disasters, Tongcheng Kangzhiyuan Family Farm promptly launched science popularization activities for disaster mitigation in tea gardens. Tea farmers can take the following remedial measures: 1. Drainage and Clearing of Silt and Waterlogging For tea gardens with standing water, drainage ditches should be promptly cleared and dredged, and deep trenches opened to drain the water as soon as possible, avoiding waterlogging that could harm the tea trees due to prolonged water accumulation. At the same time, mud, sand, stones, and other debris that have washed into the tea garden, as well as mud on the branches and leaves of tea plants, should be cleared away promptly. Efforts should be made to reduce soil moisture and environmental humidity as soon as possible to prevent root rot or decay caused by prolonged soaking of tea trees. 2. Restoration of Tea Gardens…

The golden autumn season sees lush tea mountains, as tea gardens enter the autumn harvest period. In the fragrant tea gardens, tea farmers are seizing good weather to pick tea leaves. As autumn gives way to winter, while busy with harvesting, it is also important to focus on winter management of tea gardens to help the tea trees comfortably "survive the winter." Due to the compounded effects of drought and the pandemic, winter management has started earlier this year, with higher technical requirements and more meticulous fertilization management. Local areas should conduct targeted pruning of tea tree canopies, fertilization management, and pest control based on the impact of drought in their respective tea gardens. They should also prepare the necessary materials for winter management. Good tea comes from good cultivation and good management. Winter management of tea gardens is a crucial technical measure for increasing the yield and quality of tea next year, reducing pest and weed damage to tea trees, and enhancing the overall efficiency of tea gardens. To implement scientific tea cultivation, one must understand the growth characteristics of tea trees. The cessation of sprouting in tea trees marks a key timepoint for winter management of tea gardens.…

Affecting a moderate-strength El Niño event and superimposed on the backdrop of global warming, the average global temperature in 2023 may break the record for the warmest year set in 2016. It is expected that most regions in China will have temperatures similar to or higher than the long-term average this winter through next spring, but with active cold air phases. Precipitation in southern regions will be above normal, increasing the risk of compound meteorological disasters. In response to complex climate changes, timely management of tea gardens during winter can help ensure their safe overwintering and lay the groundwork for high-quality and high-yield tea production and increased income for tea farmers in the coming year. So how can we properly manage tea gardens in winter? Follow along as we explore the winter-spring tea garden management guidelines developed by the Department of Plant Industry Management of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, in collaboration with the National Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center and the Expert Advisory Group on Tea of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs. 1. Disaster Prevention 1.1 Freeze Prevention Closely monitor weather forecasts and implement protective measures such as mulching between rows and covering the canopy…

Technical Guidance on Winter and Spring Tea Garden Management National Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center, Expert Advisory Group of Tea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs The spring tea is the most crucial part of the annual tea production. The winter and spring seasons are critical for enhancing tea garden management and improving the quality and efficiency of spring tea. To strengthen the management of tea gardens in winter and spring, the Planting Industry Management Department of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs has collaborated with the National Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center and the Expert Advisory Group of Tea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs to develop the following technical guidance for winter and spring tea garden production management. I. Disaster Prevention 1. Freeze Prevention: Closely monitor weather forecasts. Before cold waves, apply straw mulch between rows and cover the tea canopy with straw mats, plastic films, or shade nets to prevent freezing. After the cold wave, remove the canopy coverings promptly. During a cold wave, irrigation or spray irrigation can be used to mitigate cold and freeze damage. After temperatures return to normal, prune the frost-damaged tea garden. For mild frost damage, perform light pruning to remove…

(1) Choose the Appropriate Season In general, planting should coincide with the rainy season in the region, making it easier to succeed if planted just before or at the start of the rainy season. In most cases, when the weather is not dry in mid-to-late November to December in the south, the soil is moist and tea seedlings are in their dormant period. Autumn planting is conducive to root development and has a higher survival rate than spring planting. (2) Determine the Suitable Planting Pattern When planting, consider the adaptability for future mechanized management of the tea garden, such as the passage of machinery between rows and the placement of turning areas for machines. There are primarily two methods: single-row planting and double-row planting. ① Single-Row Planting. The row spacing is 1.3 to 1.5 meters, with a distance of 25 to 33 centimeters between clumps, and each clump contains 2 to 3 plants, using 2,500 to 4,000 seedlings per mu (about 0.067 hectares). In regions with lower temperatures or higher altitudes, the row spacing can be reduced to 1.2 to 1.3 meters, and the distance between clumps can be reduced to around 20 centimeters. ② Double-Row Planting. Two rows are…